Research Status and Progress of Balloon-borne Cloud and Precipitation Particles Probe     

Peng Wang  Lei Liu  Xichuan Liu  Shuai Hu  Shijun Zhao  Wenming Ji  Taichang Gao 《地球科学进展》1986,35(7):704-714

The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles, which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes, the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors, light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles, key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition, cloud remote sensing method establishment, cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization, and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected, which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development.  相似文献   

从全波段太阳直射辐射确定大气气溶胶光学厚度 II：实验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

邱金桓  杨景梅  潘继东 《大气科学》1995,19(5):586-596

本文通过比较太阳直射表和太阳光度计探测的大气柱气溶胶光学厚度，分析了从太阳直射表探测的全波段太阳直射光强信息确定大气柱气溶胶光学厚度的误差，并应用北京观象台的太阳直射表观测资料，反演得到了 1990—1993年北京大气柱气溶胶光学厚度，分析了该光学厚度月与年变化规律以及1991年菲律宾皮纳图博火山爆发对北京大气气溶胶含量的影响。本文还提出了关于有效水汽含量的一个经验关系式，用于确定水汽对太阳辐射的吸收率。  相似文献   

Cloud tracking using satellite data for predicting the probability of heavy rainfall events in the Mediterranean area     

L. Lanza  M. Conti 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(2):163-181

The use of cloud tracking techniques and storm identification procedures is proposed in this paper with the aim of predicting the evolution of cloud entities associated with the highest rainfall probability within a given meteorological scenario. Suitable algorithms for this kind of analysis are based on the processing of digital images in the thermal infrared (IR) band from geostationary satellites: a selection of such algorithms is described in some detail together with a few real case applications. Three heavy rainfall events have been selected for this purpose with reference to the extreme meteorological situation observed during Fall 1992 and 1993 over the Mediterranean area. A window from 30 to 60 °N and from 20 °W to 30 °E has been identified for the analysis of data from the radiometer on board the ESA Meteosat platform. In conclusion, the suitability of cloud tracking techniques for predicting the probability of heavy rainfall events is discussed provided that the former are associated with proper modeling of small scale rainfall distribution.  相似文献   

论"单位涌水量就是导水系数"   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

兰太权 《地下水》2007,29(5):43-45,68

单位涌水量是井抽水水位降深换算为1 m时的单井出水量;导水系数是含水层宽度为1 m时,地下水水力坡度为1时的单宽流量.二者之间从定义上看毫无关系,但它们的单位(m3/d·m)(m2/d)是相同的.笔者经过多年探讨和初步试验后发现,单位涌水量就是管井抽水所利用含水层的导水系数.  相似文献   

陕西黄土高原人工林土壤干层及形成原因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵景波  杜娟  陈宝群 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):114-126

1 Introduction Abroad, a lot of research on soil water removal, seeping and evaporation has been done (Ole, 1998; Rapp, 2000). A seeping model of soil water was suggested (Yuin, 1998) and it was known that water removal is very slow in the unsaturated zon…  相似文献   

云顶充满度的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李浩  廖仿玉 《气象科学》2002,22(3):337-342

本文采用GMS－5红外云母，提取了一个描述云顶结构特征的参数一云顶充满度VS。结合地面观测资料，引入了云高参数DTS，得到并分析了参数VS随云高DTS的分布特征，同时还讨论了VS的天气学意义。  相似文献   

用地面湿度参量计算我国整层大气可降水量及有效水汽含量方法的研究   总被引：56，自引：3，他引：56       下载免费PDF全文

杨景梅  邱金桓 《大气科学》2002,26(1):9-22

根据1993年我国28个台站地面及高空气象要素资料,拟合出这28个台站所在地区整层大气可降水量同地面湿度参量(地面水汽压、地面露点)关系的经验表达式,并且在此基础上,通过引进地理纬度ψ和海拔高度H两个参量,将经验系数参数化,建立起由地面湿度参量计算整层大气可降水量的经验计算模式.另外还拟合出这些地区整层大气有效水汽含量同可降水量关系的经验表达式,提出一个先由地面湿度参量计算整层大气可降水量,再由此计算出整层大气有效水汽含量的方法.  相似文献   

非饱和土的有效应力与抗剪强度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王志玲  张印杰  丰土根 《岩土力学》2002,23(4):432-436

从孔隙土的存在状态出发，探讨了吸力的两种不同作用效果与非饱和形态的关系，从理论上论证了Bishop公式的正确性澄清了多年来一个基本概念上的误解。用新的观点阐述了非饱和土中抗剪强度分布不均匀及浸水湿陷的原因；同时还对Fredlund和卢肇钧提出的抗剪强度理论及参数的测试方法进行了分析，提出了各种抗剪强度理论在理论上都是相同的，其区别仅在于确定由吸力产生的那部分有效应力时采用的参数和测试 方法不同。为今后非饱和土的抗剪强度研究从理论转向实用提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

基于空间统计学的空间数据窗口大小的确定   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

马洪超  李德仁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(1):18-23

提出基于空间统计学的方法来确定空间数据窗口大小,实例证明是可行的。同时提出了对海底照片成像不均匀光照进行纠正的思路和方法，该方法简单有效，效果较理想。  相似文献   

Influence　of　Clouds　on　UV　Irradiance　at　Ground　Level　and　Backscattered　Exittance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wang Pucai  Jacqueline Lenoble 《大气科学进展》1996,13(2):217-228

The influence of various cloud parameters and the interactions with the ground albedo and the solar zenith angle have been studied by means of model simulations. The radiative transfer model suitable for a cloudy atmosphere as well as for a clear atmosphere has been developed on the basis of the Discrete Ordinate Method. This study leads to a general understanding for cloudy atmospheres: in the presence of a uniform cloud, the cloud scattering is dominant to molecular and aerosol scattering, and it is also wavelength-independent; the ratio of transmitted irradiance in a cloudy atmosphere to that in the background clear atmosphere is independent of cloud height and solar zenith angle. That’s to say, the radiation downwelling out of a cloud is quite isotropic; it decreases approximately exponentially with the cloud optical depth at a rate related to the ground albedo; the reflected irradiance at the top of the atmosphere is dependent on cloud optical depth as well as on solar zenith angle, but not on ground albedo for clouds of not very thin optical depth.  相似文献